Janice R. Andrews
In an extraordinary political upheaval, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declared and then quickly rescinded martial law, sending shockwaves through the nation’s democratic system. The dramatic events unfolded over a single night, highlighting the fragile balance of political power in South Korea.
On Tuesday night, Yoon imposed martial law, claiming national security threats from North Korea and accusing the opposition of governmental paralysis. The declaration immediately mobilized military and police forces, with troops entering the National Assembly and imposing severe restrictions on political activities, media, and public gatherings.
However, the response was swift and decisive. The opposition-controlled National Assembly unanimously passed a resolution invalidating the martial law. All 190 present lawmakers supported the motion, with opposition leader Lee Jae-myung calling the declaration “illegal and unconstitutional.” Even members of Yoon’s own party criticized the move.
Public and international reactions were equally strong. Protesters gathered outside the parliament, demanding Yoon’s arrest. The U.S. National Security Council expressed grave concern, emphasizing they were not consulted about the decision.
Within hours, Yoon reversed course, lifting the martial law through a cabinet meeting. The president accepted the National Assembly’s request and withdrew military forces deployed during the brief crisis.
The incident emerged against a backdrop of political tension. Yoon had been frustrated by the opposition’s control of parliament, which had recently approved a downsized version of his proposed 2025 budget. He accused opposition lawmakers of creating legislative chaos and obstructing governance.
The economic impact was immediate, with the Korean won dropping sharply and markets showing nervous uncertainty. More significantly, the event reopened wounds from South Korea’s authoritarian past, evoking memories of earlier undemocratic regimes.
While the immediate crisis has passed, profound questions remain about Yoon’s leadership, the role of political opposition, and the strength of South Korea’s democratic institutions. The rapid escalation and de-escalation serve as a stark reminder of the delicate balance between executive power and democratic principles.
As South Korea moves forward, the need for dialogue, mutual respect, and adherence to democratic norms will be crucial in healing the political divisions exposed by this unprecedented event.
